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What Are Phonological Processes? Phonological processes are predictable ways children change or simplify sounds as they learn to speak. For example: A child might say “top” instead of “stop,” leaving off the first sound. Or they might say “fink” instead of “think,” replacing the “th” sound with an easier “f.” These patterns are typically temporary and naturally fade as a child’s speech becomes clearer. Common Types of Phonological Processes Phonological processes general

As a parent, noticing that your child isn’t speaking as much as their peers can feel worrying. Many children are “late talkers,” but the good news is that early support can make a big difference (ASHA, 2023). Typical Vocabulary Milestones Using data from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (2007) , here’s what many children can typically say at different ages: Age Milestone (90% of children) Average (50% of children) 12 months 1 word 5+ words 18 months